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Ácidos quirales de Lewis integrados con nanotubos de carbono de pared única para la catálisis asimétrica en agua

Taku Kitanosono¹, Pengyu Xu¹, Shū Kobayashi²

¹Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 20, 2018

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo catalizador de níquel combinado con nanotubos de carbono para reacciones químicas altamente reactivas y estereoselectivas en el agua. Este método respetuoso con el medio ambiente produce eficientemente compuestos ópticamente activos, avanzando la química sintética.

Área de la Ciencia:

Catálisis
Ciencias de los materiales
Síntesis orgánica

Sus antecedentes:

El desarrollo de sistemas catalíticos eficientes y selectivos es crucial para el avance de la síntesis química.
Los métodos existentes a menudo requieren condiciones duras o carecen de estereoselectividad.
Hay una necesidad de procesos catalíticos ambientalmente benignos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Diseñar y sintetizar un nuevo sistema catalítico para mejorar la reactividad y la estereoselectividad.
Investigar la actividad catalítica de un catalizador combinado ácido-surfactante de Lewis basado en níquel con nanotubos de carbono de pared única en medios acuosos.
Para demostrar la utilidad de este sistema en reacciones de adición conjugada asimétrica.

Principales métodos:

Combinación homogeneizada de catalizadores combinados ácido de Lewis y surfactante a base de níquel y nanotubos de carbono de pared única.
Reacciones asimétricas de adición conjugada de aldoximas.
Caracterización de la actividad catalítica, la estereoselectividad y la estabilidad en el agua.

Principales resultados:

El catalizador diseñado exhibió una actividad sustancial en el agua.
Se obtuvieron altos rendimientos y excelentes selectividades en reacciones de adición conjugada asimétricas.
El sistema catalítico demostró estabilidad a largo plazo y mayor reactividad.
Los nitrones quirales fueron sintetizados con éxito con alta pureza óptica.

Conclusiones:

El catalizador a base de níquel integrado con nanotubos de carbono de pared única ofrece una vía altamente eficiente y estereoselectiva para sintetizar compuestos ópticamente activos en el agua.
Este enfoque ofrece una alternativa práctica y respetuosa con el medio ambiente a los métodos existentes.
El rendimiento del catalizador destaca el potencial de la combinación de ácidos de Lewis, surfactantes y nanomateriales para la catálisis avanzada.

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