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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Los códigos de barras de proteínas permiten pantallas CRISPR de una sola célula de alta dimensión

Aleksandra Wroblewska1, Maxime Dhainaut1, Benjamin Ben-Zvi2

  • 1Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Cell
|October 23, 2018
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo sistema de codificación de proteínas (Pro-Codes) para superar las limitaciones en la detección de la función del gen CRISPR. Esta tecnología permite el fenotipo de una sola célula de alta dimensión, revelando nuevos conocimientos sobre la edición inmune de las células cancerosas y la regulación genética.

Palabras clave:
CRISPR y sus derivadosCélulas Tel cáncergenómica funcionalLa vía del interferón gammacitometría de masapantalla agrupadaCódigos de barras de las proteínasanálisis de una sola célulaInmunología tumoral

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Inmunología
  • Biotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las pantallas CRISPR son vitales para el descubrimiento de la función génica, pero están limitadas por la resolución del código de barras del ADN.
  • Los métodos actuales basados en el ADN restringen las capacidades de fenotipo y carecen de resolución de una sola célula.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un sistema de codificación de barras a nivel de proteínas (Pro-Codes) para mejorar el cribado CRISPR.
  • Para permitir el fenotipo de una sola célula de alta dimensión para aplicaciones de genómica funcional más amplias.

Principales métodos:

  • Códigos de barras de proteínas sintetizadas (Pro-Codes) utilizando combinaciones tripletas de epítopos lineales.
  • Se introdujeron vectores Pro-Code en las células y se analizaron mediante citometría de masa CyTOF con 14 anticuerpos.
  • Códigos Pro emparejados con CRISPR para el análisis simultáneo de marcadores fenotípicos, incluida la señalización de fosfo, en células knockout.

Principales resultados:

  • Generó más de 100 códigos Pro únicos y detectó 364 poblaciones, creando el mayor conjunto de reporteros de proteínas.
  • Se identificó a Psmb8 y Rtp4 como cruciales para la edición inmune dependiente de antígenos en las células cancerosas.
  • Descubrió Socs1 como un regulador negativo del Ligando de Muerte Programado 1 (Pd-1).

Conclusiones:

  • La tecnología Pro-Code permite un fenotipo simultáneo sin precedentes a nivel de proteínas de alta dimensión de cientos de genes con resolución de una sola célula.
  • Este avance expande significativamente las capacidades para la genómica funcional y la investigación de descubrimiento de fármacos.