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Fluidización de la roca durante la formación de anillos de pico de grandes estructuras de impacto
Ulrich Riller1, Michael H Poelchau2, Auriol S P Rae3
1Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. ulrich.riller@uni-hamburg.de.
Nature
|October 26, 2018
Resumen
Los impactos de meteoritos hacen que las rocas se debiliten drásticamente, fluyan y luego recuperen fuerza para formar anillos de impacto. Este estudio revela la fluidización acústica como un proceso clave en la mecánica de los cráteres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- Geología
- Cráteres de impacto
Sus antecedentes:
- Las estructuras de impacto terrestre exhiben anillos topográficos prominentes formados por rocas cortales levantadas.
- La rápida deformación y posterior recuperación de la fuerza de estas rocas durante el cráter siguen siendo poco conocidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos de deformación de las rocas responsables de la formación de anillos de cráteres de impacto.
- Para aclarar los procesos de debilitamiento catastrófico y recuperación de la fuerza en las rocas objetivo durante grandes impactos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de muestras del núcleo de la estructura de impacto de Chicxulub.
- Examen de la deformación frágil y viscosa dentro de las rocas de anillo de pico.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un debilitamiento catastrófico de la roca seguido de un aumento de la fuerza durante la formación de cráteres.
- La evidencia sugiere la fluidización acústica como el proceso de cráter inicial dominante.
- La posterior formación de cráteres implicó fallas cada vez más localizadas.
Conclusiones:
- La fluidización acústica explica el flujo rápido inicial y la deformación a gran escala de las rocas objetivo.
- La transición de la fluidización a la falla localizada explica la formación y el mantenimiento de anillos topográficos en estructuras de impacto.
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