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Tipos de células transcriptómicas compartidas y distintas en las áreas neocorticales

Bosiljka Tasic1, Zizhen Yao2, Lucas T Graybuck2

  • 1Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA. bosiljkat@alleninstitute.org.

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|November 2, 2018
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron 133 tipos de células en el neocórtex de ratón mediante la secuenciación de ARN de una sola célula. La mayoría de las neuronas GABA fueron compartidas, pero las neuronas glutamatérgicas fueron específicas del área, revelando distribuciones de tipo celular distintas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • La genómica
  • Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

  • El neocórtex exhibe diversos tipos de células organizadas en capas y áreas funcionales distintas.
  • Comprender la diversidad de tipos celulares es crucial para descifrar la función cerebral.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la diversidad transcriptómica de los tipos de células en regiones funcionalmente distintas del neocórtex del ratón.
  • Establecer una taxonomía de los tipos de células corticales basada en la expresión génica y las proyecciones de largo alcance.

Principales métodos:

  • Secuenciación profunda de ARN de una sola célula de 23,822 células de la corteza visual primaria y la corteza motora lateral anterior.
  • Integración de datos transcriptómicos con etiquetado retrógrado para determinar la especificidad de proyección de las neuronas glutamatérgicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación de 133 tipos de células transcriptómicas distintas.
  • Casi todos los tipos de neuronas que contienen ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) se compartieron entre las dos áreas.
  • La mayoría de los tipos de neuronas glutamatérgicas eran específicos de la corteza visual o motora.

Conclusiones:

  • La composición del tipo de célula cortical varía significativamente entre áreas funcionalmente distintas, particularmente para las neuronas glutamatérgicas.
  • Una taxonomía transcriptómica y proyeccional combinada proporciona una clasificación completa de los tipos de células corticales de ratón.
  • Este estudio avanza en nuestra comprensión de la organización neocortical y la heterogeneidad del tipo celular.