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Estructuras cryo-EM de un mutante humano de ABCG2 atrapado en estados ligados al ATP y al sustrato
Ioannis Manolaridis1, Scott M Jackson1, Nicholas M I Taylor2,3
1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|November 9, 2018
Resumen
Este estudio revela los mecanismos estructurales de la función del transportador ABCG2. Las estructuras cryo-EM de alta resolución muestran cómo la unión de ATP impulsa la translocación del sustrato a través de las membranas celulares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Biología estructural
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- ABCG2 (miembro G de la subfamilia de casetes de unión al ATP 2) es una proteína transportadora crucial involucrada en la defensa celular y la farmacocinética de los fármacos.
- Si bien se conoce la estructura e inhibición de ABCG2, su reconocimiento de sustrato y sus mecanismos de transporte siguen sin estar claros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Elucidar los mecanismos moleculares de reconocimiento de sustrato y transporte impulsado por ATP por ABCG2 humano.
- Presentar las estructuras de la criomicroscopia electrónica de alta resolución de ABCG2 en los estados funcionales clave.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó microscopía criolectrónica de alta resolución (cryo-EM) para determinar las estructuras de un mutante funcional de ABCG2 (ABCG2EQ).
- El sulfato de estrona-3 (E1S) se utilizó como un sustrato modelo para capturar los estados de pre-translocación y post-translocación.
- Se realizaron ensayos de mutagenesis y de transporte in vitro y de ATPasa para validar los hallazgos estructurales.
Principales resultados:
- Las estructuras cryo-EM revelaron estados distintos de ABCG2 ligados al sustrato (pre-translocación) y ligados al ATP (post-translocación).
- La cavidad de unión al sustrato es central y está orientada hacia el citoplasma en el estado de pre-translocación, alojando una sola molécula E1S.
- La unión de ATP induce cambios conformacionales, colapsando la cavidad interna y abriendo una externa para la extrusión del sustrato, lo que implica cambios de dominio y orientación de NBD alterada.
Conclusiones:
- ABCG2 utiliza la unión de ATP para impulsar cambios conformacionales para la translocación del sustrato.
- Los residuos específicos, incluido un "enchufe" de leucina, son críticos para el reconocimiento del sustrato y la diferenciación de los sustratos de los inhibidores.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información mecanicista sobre cómo funciona el ABCG2 como una bomba de eflujo, lo que afecta la eficacia del medicamento y la protección xenobiótica.
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