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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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  3. Los Factores De Transcripción Activan Los Genes A Través De La Capacidad De Separación De Fase De Sus Dominios De Activación
  1. Home
  3. Los Factores De Transcripción Activan Los Genes A Través De La Capacidad De Separación De Fase De Sus Dominios De Activación

Video Experimental Relacionado

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
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Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

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Los factores de transcripción activan los genes a través de la capacidad de separación de fase de sus dominios de

Ann Boija1, Isaac A Klein2, Benjamin R Sabari1

  • 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Cell
|November 20, 2018

Ver abstracta en PubMed

Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los factores de transcripción diversos (TF) usan sus dominios de activación (AD) para formar condensados separados por fase con Mediator, un coactivador clave. Esta formación de condensado es crucial para la activación de genes, como se muestra en los estudios de OCT4, GCN4 y el receptor de estrógeno.

Palabras clave:
Dominio de activaciónactivación de genesel mediadorseparación de fasestranscripciónFactor de transcripción

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Regulación genética

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los factores de transcripción (TF) regulan la expresión génica a través de los dominios de unión al ADN (DBD) y los dominios de activación (AD).
  • Los mecanismos por los que los AD median la activación génica siguen sin caracterizarse en gran medida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de los AD en la activación génica mediante el examen de su interacción con el coactivador mediador.
  • Determinar si la separación de fases es un mecanismo por el cual los AD interactúan con el mediador.

Principales métodos:

  • Ensayos de separación de fase in vitro con proteínas purificadas.
  • Ensayos de activación génica in vivo.
  • Mutagénesis dirigida al sitio para identificar residuos críticos de aminoácidos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los AD de factores de transcripción diversos forman condensados separados por fase con el coactivador del mediador.
  • Para OCT4 y GCN4, la activación génica in vivo y la formación de condensados mediadores in vitro dependen de los mismos residuos de aminoácidos.
  • El estrógeno mejora la separación de fase entre el receptor de estrógeno AD y Mediator, correlacionándose con una mayor activación génica.

Conclusiones:

  • La capacidad de separación de fase de los AD es un mecanismo conservado para interactuar con Mediator.
  • La formación de condensados de Mediator-TF está directamente involucrada en la regulación de la activación génica.