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Vuelo de un avión con propulsión de estado sólido
Haofeng Xu1, Yiou He2, Kieran L Strobel1
1Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|November 23, 2018
Resumen
Los investigadores demostraron el primer vuelo de un avión electroaerodinámico, un nuevo sistema de propulsión de estado sólido. Este avance ofrece una alternativa más silenciosa y libre de emisiones a los motores de combustión tradicionales para las futuras aeronaves.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería Aeroespacial
- La física
- Ingeniería eléctrica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los aviones tradicionales se basan en la combustión de combustibles fósiles y partes móviles como hélices o turbinas.
- La electroaerodinámica (EAD) ofrece una alternativa potencial para la propulsión silenciosa y libre de emisiones sin partes móviles.
- Los intentos anteriores de vuelo propulsado por EAD no tuvieron éxito debido a las limitaciones percibidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Demostrar la viabilidad de un vuelo sostenido con motor utilizando un sistema de propulsión electro-aerodinámica.
- Para diseñar y volar un avión más pesado que el aire con un sistema de propulsión de estado sólido.
- Para superar las limitaciones establecidas en la relación empuje-potencia y la densidad de empuje para EAD.
Principales métodos:
- Diseñó y construyó un avión de ala fija con una envergadura de cinco metros.
- Integró un convertidor de potencia ultraligero de alta tensión (40 kilovoltios) y baterías a bordo.
- Realizó múltiples pruebas de vuelo para evaluar el rendimiento y la estabilidad.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha logrado con éxito un vuelo a nivel estable con el avión propulsado por EAD.
- Demostró que las limitaciones en la relación empuje/potencia y la densidad de empuje son superables.
- Proporcionó una prueba de concepto para la propulsión electro-aerodinámica en estado sólido en la aviación.
Conclusiones:
- La electroaerodinámica es un método viable para la propulsión de aviones.
- Esta tecnología abre posibilidades para aviones más silenciosos y mecánicamente más simples con cero emisiones de combustión.
- El estudio supera las barreras anteriores, allanando el camino para el vuelo impulsado por EAD.
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