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Intensificación para sistemas agrícolas rediseñados y sostenibles
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK. jpretty@essex.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 24, 2018
Resumen
La intensificación sostenible (SI) mejora la producción agrícola y los resultados ambientales sin cultivar más tierra. Este enfoque es clave para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria mundial y alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Agrícolas
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ecología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las condiciones ecológicas y económicas cambiantes requieren un rediseño del sistema agrícola.
- La intensificación sostenible (SI) equilibra el aumento de la producción con mejores resultados ambientales.
- La SI evita la expansión de la tierra, preservando los hábitats no cultivados y la biodiversidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definir y desarrollar los principios de la intensificación sostenible (SI).
- Destacar el papel de la IS en el logro de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional mundial.
- Subrayar la importancia de la IS para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas.
Principales métodos:
- Implementación de estrategias integradas de lucha contra las plagas.
- Optimizar el manejo del pasto, el forraje y el riego.
- Incorporación de los sistemas agroforestales y de las pequeñas explotaciones agrícolas.
Principales resultados:
- Mantener o aumentar la producción agrícola.
- Mejorar el rendimiento general del sistema sin coste medioambiental neto.
- Maximizar la biodiversidad a través de prácticas agrícolas específicas.
Conclusiones:
- La intensificación sostenible es crucial para adaptar la agricultura a las condiciones mundiales cambiantes.
- La IS ofrece una vía para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional.
- Los principios del SI son fundamentales para los esfuerzos mundiales de sostenibilidad.
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