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La plasticidad de la red social disminuye la transmisión de enfermedades en un insecto eusocial

Nathalie Stroeymeyt¹, Anna V Grasse², Alessandro Crespi³

¹Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. laurent.keller@unil.ch nathalie.stroeymeyt@normalesup.org sylvia.cremer@ist.ac.at.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 24, 2018

Resumen

Los insectos sociales como las hormigas pueden cambiar su comportamiento social cuando están expuestos a patógenos. Esta plasticidad en las redes sociales ayuda a limitar la propagación de enfermedades dentro de la colonia, lo que demuestra una estrategia efectiva de mitigación de enfermedades.

Área de la Ciencia:

Comportamiento animal
Epidemiología
Análisis de las redes sociales

Sus antecedentes:

Las redes sociales de los animales equilibran las necesidades de comunicación con los riesgos de transmisión de enfermedades.
Los animales sociales pueden poseer respuestas desencadenadas por patógenos para alterar las estructuras sociales y reducir el riesgo de epidemia.
Actualmente no hay pruebas de la plasticidad de las redes sociales inducida por patógenos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar experimentalmente si la exposición a patógenos induce cambios de comportamiento en las redes sociales de las hormigas.
Determinar si las redes sociales alteradas contienen efectivamente la transmisión de enfermedades en una colonia de insectos sociales.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó el seguimiento automatizado para monitorear el comportamiento de las hormigas.
Se han realizado experimentos controlados de exposición a patógenos.
Se cuantificaron las tasas de transmisión de enfermedades y se emplearon simulaciones temporales explícitas.

Principales resultados:

La exposición a patógenos condujo a modificaciones significativas en el comportamiento tanto de las hormigas infectadas como de las no infectadas.
Estos cambios de comportamiento reforzaron las propiedades de la red que inhiben la transmisión de enfermedades.
El estudio demostró una reducción en la propagación de la enfermedad debido a la plasticidad de la red.

Conclusiones:

La plasticidad de las redes sociales en respuesta a los patógenos es una estrategia efectiva para mitigar los efectos de la enfermedad en los grupos sociales.
Las hormigas ajustan dinámicamente sus interacciones sociales para limitar la transmisión de patógenos.
Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones para la comprensión de la dinámica de la enfermedad en las poblaciones sociales.

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