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Intervenciones para prevenir el maltrato infantil: Declaración de recomendación del grupo de trabajo de servicios

, Susan J Curry1, Alex H Krist2,3

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La evidencia es insuficiente para determinar los beneficios y los daños de las intervenciones de atención primaria para prevenir el maltrato infantil. Se necesita más investigación para evaluar estas intervenciones para la prevención del abuso y la negligencia infantil.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Pediatría
  • Salud pública
  • La medicina preventiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • El maltrato infantil sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en los Estados Unidos, con cientos de miles de niños que sufren abuso y negligencia cada año.
  • El abandono es la forma más frecuente de maltrato infantil, seguido por el abuso físico y sexual.
  • Un número considerable de casos de maltrato infantil involucran múltiples formas de abuso y trágicamente resultan en muertes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Actualizar la recomendación del Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF, por sus siglas en inglés) de 2013 sobre las intervenciones de atención primaria para la prevención del maltrato infantil.
  • Evaluar la evidencia sobre las intervenciones para niños sin signos o síntomas existentes de maltrato.

Principales métodos:

  • El USPSTF encargó una revisión sistemática de las pruebas.
  • La revisión se centró en las intervenciones de atención primaria destinadas a prevenir el maltrato infantil en niños y adolescentes asintomáticos.

Principales resultados:

  • Existen pruebas limitadas e inconsistentes con respecto a los beneficios de las intervenciones de atención primaria, como los programas de visitas domiciliarias, para prevenir el maltrato infantil.
  • No se encontraron pruebas sobre los daños potenciales asociados con estas intervenciones.
  • La certeza de la magnitud tanto de los beneficios como de los daños es baja.

Conclusiones:

  • El USPSTF concluye que la evidencia actual es insuficiente para evaluar el equilibrio de beneficios y daños de las intervenciones de atención primaria para prevenir el maltrato infantil.
  • Una declaración "I" significa que no hay pruebas suficientes para hacer una recomendación.