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Catalizadores de platino altamente activos para la hidratación de nitrilo y cianohidrina: diseño de catalizadores y
Xiangyou Xing1,2, Chen Xu1,2, Bo Chen1
1Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , Shenzhen , 518055 , China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 29, 2018
Resumen
Los nuevos catalizadores de platino hidran eficientemente los nitriles y las cianohidrinas a temperaturas suaves. Estos catalizadores "donador-aceptor", particularmente aquellos con ligandos DPPF, ofrecen altos números de rotación, avanzando la síntesis de amida para la investigación química y farmacéutica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Catálisis
- Química organometálica
- Química sintética
Sus antecedentes:
- La hidratación de nitrilo es crucial para sintetizar amidas, vitales en las industrias química y farmacéutica.
- Los métodos existentes se enfrentan a limitaciones, incluida la falta de catalizadores bifásicos eficientes para las reacciones a temperatura ambiente y desafíos en la hidratación de cianohidrinas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar nuevos catalizadores de platino "donador-aceptor" para una hidratación mejorada de nitrilo y cianohidrina.
- Identificar catalizadores con un alto número de vueltas y actividad a temperaturas ambientales o suaves.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de catalizadores de platino "donador-aceptor" mediante la disposición de ligandos ricos en electrones y deficientes en electrones.
- Utilizando un flujo de trabajo automatizado de alto rendimiento para examinar una biblioteca de ligandos bidentados.
- Síntesis y evaluación de catalizadores derivados del DPPF y de los ligandos de ferroceno modificados.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de catalizadores de platino "donador-aceptor", como el 2a (usando DPPF), que exhiben una reactividad superior.
- Hidratación exitosa de una amplia gama de nitriles y cianohidrinas a 40 °C con excelentes cifras de rotación.
- Identificación del catalizador 2c con un ligando rico en electrones modificado, que muestra la mayor actividad a temperatura ambiente.
Conclusiones:
- La estrategia de diseño del catalizador "donador-aceptor" mejora efectivamente la hidratación del nitrilo y la cianohidrina.
- Los catalizadores de platino basados en DPPF y en ferroceno modificado representan avances significativos en la síntesis de amidas.
- La capacidad de donación de electrones de los ligandos de fosfina se correlaciona con la eficiencia del catalizador, apoyando la hipótesis de "donante-aceptor".
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