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Aditivos de electrolitos basados en surfactantes catiónicos para la deposición uniforme de litio mediante mecanismos
Hongliu Dai1, Kai Xi2, Xin Liu1
1School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 30, 2018
Resumen
El cloruro de hexadecilo trimetilamonio (CTAC) inhibe el crecimiento de la dendrita de litio en las baterías. Este tensioactivo catiónico crea una capa protectora, permitiendo baterías de litio de alto rendimiento más seguras.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- La electroquímica
- Ingeniería Química
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ánodos de metal de litio ofrecen una alta densidad de energía para baterías avanzadas.
- La formación de dendritas de litio plantea importantes riesgos de seguridad (incendio, explosión).
- La supresión efectiva de la dendrita es crucial para las aplicaciones prácticas de las baterías de litio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el cloruro de hexadecilo trimetilamonio (CTAC) como aditivo de electrolitos para inhibir el crecimiento de la dendrita de litio.
- Para aclarar el mecanismo de repulsión litiofóbico del CTAC en la deposición de litio.
- Para evaluar la mejora del rendimiento en varias configuraciones de batería.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizado CTAC como un aditivo de electrolito en las células de metal de litio.
- Investigó el comportamiento del revestimiento de litio y la formación de dendritas.
- Se realizaron pruebas de ciclo y rendimiento electroquímico en celdas simétricas de Li-Si, Li-S y Li-SiNMC.
- Se analizaron los efectos de la estructura de los tensioactivos y las interacciones electrostáticas.
Principales resultados:
- El CTAC suprimió efectivamente el crecimiento de la dendrita de litio a través de la repulsión litiofóbica.
- Se logra un ciclo estable durante 300 horas a 1,0 mA cm-2 y un rendimiento de alta velocidad de hasta 4 mA cm-2 en celdas simétricas.
- Se ha demostrado una mejora significativa del rendimiento del ciclo y de la velocidad en las celdas completas de litio-azufre y litioNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2.
Conclusiones:
- Los tensioactivos catiónicos como el CTAC son efectivos para promover la deposición uniforme de litio.
- CTAC ofrece una estrategia novedosa para mejorar la seguridad y el rendimiento de las baterías de litio de alta energía.
- Las investigaciones adicionales sobre las propiedades de los tensioactivos pueden optimizar el rendimiento del ánodo de litio.
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