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Vía rápida hacia el neocórtex: un engrama de memoria en la corteza parietal posterior
1Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. svenja.brodt@uni-tuebingen.de.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 2018
Resumen
Una nueva investigación muestra que el cerebro
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología cognitiva
- Investigación de la memoria
Sus antecedentes:
- Los modelos de consolidación de la memoria de los sistemas proponen un aprendizaje rápido del hipocampo y lento del neocórtex.
- Las contribuciones de memoria neocortical se ven tradicionalmente como dependientes del hipocampo.
- La velocidad y la ubicación de la formación de huellas de memoria neocortical siguen siendo objeto de debate.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la rápida formación de engramas de memoria en el neocórtex humano.
- Desafiar la visión tradicional del aprendizaje neocortical lento.
- Para identificar los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen a la codificación rápida de la memoria en la corteza parietal.
Principales métodos:
- Imágenes por resonancia magnética ponderada por difusión (IRMd) para evaluar la plasticidad microstructural.
- Medidas de actividad cerebral funcional durante una tarea de aprendizaje de localización de objetos.
- Análisis de los cambios específicos del aprendizaje en la corteza parietal posterior.
Principales resultados:
- Plasticidad microstructural rápida detectada en la corteza parietal posterior dentro de 1 hora del aprendizaje.
- La plasticidad neocortical fue específica del aprendizaje y se correlacionó con el recuerdo de la memoria.
- Los cambios microstruturales observados persistieron durante más de 12 horas.
- La actividad funcional se superpone con las áreas que exhiben plasticidad.
Conclusiones:
- La corteza parietal posterior humana puede formar rápidamente engramas de memoria duraderos.
- Esto desafía los modelos establecidos de consolidación lenta de la memoria neocortical.
- Sugiere una contribución neocortical más rápida a la formación de la memoria de lo que se pensaba.
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