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Pruebas de tejido blando para la homeotermia y la cripsis en un ictiosaurio jurásico
Johan Lindgren1, Peter Sjövall2, Volker Thiel3
1Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. johan.lindgren@geol.lu.se.
Nature
|December 7, 2018
Resumen
Los ictiosaurios extintos tenían células de grasa y pigmento como los animales marinos modernos, mostrando una profunda convergencia evolutiva. Esta investigación revela su piel
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología
- Biología marina
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ictiosaurios, reptiles marinos extintos, comparten similitudes superficiales con las ballenas dentadas modernas.
- Las investigaciones anteriores se han centrado en las similitudes esqueléticas, dejando las características integumentarias en gran medida inexploradas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la composición celular y molecular de la piel del ictiosaurio.
- Comprender las implicaciones funcionales de los tejidos integumentarios en la adaptación temprana de los reptiles marinos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis experimental multidisciplinario de un espécimen de ictiosaurio del Jurásico temprano excepcionalmente conservado (Stenopterygius).
- Caracterización de las capas epidérmicas y dérmicas, grasa y células portadoras de pigmento.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de una piel flexible y sin escamas con capas epidermáticas y dérmicas distintas.
- Identificación de la grasa aislante, de los componentes proteicos y de los lípidos, de los queratinocitos y de los melanóforos que contienen eumelanina.
- Pruebas de contra sombreado y posibles ajustes de color fisiológicos.
Conclusiones:
- Los tejidos integumentarios de los ictiosaurios, incluida la grasa y las células de pigmento, muestran una profunda convergencia con los amniotas marinos modernos.
- Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve el importante papel del integumento en la adaptación a la vida pelágica.
- El estudio extiende la comprensión de la biología de los ictiosaurios a niveles ultrastructural y molecular.
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