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Desarrollo del oído interno en ciclostomas y evolución de los canales semicirculares de los vertebrados
Shinnosuke Higuchi1,2, Fumiaki Sugahara3,4, Juan Pascual-Anaya4
1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
Nature
|December 7, 2018
Resumen
Se aclara la evolución del oído interno de los vertebrados: el canal semicircular único de hagfish es un rasgo derivado, y el canal lateral en los vertebrados con mandíbula evolucionó secundariamente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- Biología del desarrollo
- Anatomía comparada
Sus antecedentes:
- Los vertebrados mandíbulas (gnatostomas) poseen tres canales semicirculares en sus oídos internos, cruciales para los estudios evolutivos.
- Los vertebrados sin mandíbula (ostracodermos) tenían dos canales, sin el canal lateral.
- Los ciclostomas modernos (lampreas y hagfish) presentan diferentes números de canales, con hagfish que tienen uno y lampreas típicamente dos, lo que complica las interpretaciones evolutivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la trayectoria de desarrollo del oído interno en ciclostomas, específicamente lampreas y hagfish.
- Para aclarar los orígenes evolutivos del número de canal semicircular y el canal lateral en los vertebrados.
Principales métodos:
- Observación detallada de la diferenciación de las vesículas óticas en la lamprea (Lethenteron camtschaticum) y el pez brujo (Eptatretus burgeri).
- Análisis de los patrones de expresión génica, incluidos los genes OTX, durante el desarrollo del oído interno en ciclostomas.
Principales resultados:
- El desarrollo del oído interno de Lamprey comienza con dos depresiones, similares al desarrollo temprano del gnathostome.
- Estas depresiones de lampreas se fusionan para formar un solo canal, reflejando la condición del pez bruja.
- El canal único de Hagfish es un rasgo derivado secundariamente, no uno primitivo.
- El canal lateral en gnathostomes evolucionó secundariamente a través de vías de desarrollo aguas abajo, no de la expresión génica de novo.
Conclusiones:
- El único canal semicircular en hagfish es un rasgo derivado, que desafía las suposiciones anteriores de primitividad.
- El camino evolutivo del oído interno de los vertebrados, particularmente la adquisición del canal lateral, se aclara a través de ideas de desarrollo.
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