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Divergencia transcriptómica espacio-temporal entre el desarrollo del cerebro humano y el macaco
Ying Zhu1,2, André M M Sousa1, Tianliuyun Gao1
1Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 15, 2018
Resumen
Este estudio mapea el desarrollo cerebral en todas las especies utilizando transcriptómica, revelando patrones conservados y vínculos genéticos con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico. Estos hallazgos iluminan la evolución del cerebro humano y los orígenes de las enfermedades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La genómica
- Biología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- El desarrollo del sistema nervioso humano es complejo y requiere una regulación genética precisa en el tiempo y el espacio.
- Comprender los patrones de desarrollo conservados en todas las especies es crucial para comprender la evolución y los trastornos del cerebro humano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los patrones transcriptómicos durante el desarrollo del cerebro de los primates (prenatal y postnatal).
- Identificar programas de expresión génica conservados y divergentes entre especies y etapas de desarrollo.
- Explorar las bases genéticas de la evolución del cerebro humano y los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos.
Principales métodos:
- Generó datos transcriptómicos a nivel de tejido y de una sola célula de 16 regiones cerebrales de macaco rhesus.
- Datos integrados de macacos con datos complementarios de desarrollo humano.
- Analizó patrones de expresión génica espaciotemporal e identificó genes divergentes.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron patrones "en forma de copa" en las diferencias transcriptómicas durante el desarrollo y entre especies, con una convergencia perinatal.
- Gradientes topográficos transitorios observados en el neocórtex prenatal y jerarquía funcional en el desarrollo del cerebro postnatal.
- Encontraron genes con expresión alterada vinculados al desarrollo de la corteza prefrontal prenatal, trastorno del espectro autista y esquizofrenia.
Conclusiones:
- Los programas transcriptómicos revelan patrones conservados en el desarrollo del cerebro de los primates, ofreciendo información sobre la evolución del cerebro humano.
- Los cambios específicos en la expresión génica están asociados con el desarrollo de regiones cerebrales distintas y la patogénesis de trastornos neuropsiquiátricos.
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