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La pesca de arrastre elevada dentro de las zonas protegidas socava los resultados de la conservación en un punto
Manuel Dureuil1,2, Kristina Boerder3, Kirsti A Burnett2
1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. manuel.dureuil@dal.ca.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 22, 2018
Resumen
Las zonas marinas protegidas (AMP) de Europa son muy pescadas, con un 59% de pesca. Esta explotación industrial reduce las especies sensibles como los tiburones y los patines en un 69%, socavando los objetivos de conservación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la conservación marina
- Gestión de las pesquerías
- Estudios de la biodiversidad
Sus antecedentes:
- Las áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) son una estrategia clave para la conservación de la biodiversidad.
- Las extensas AMP de Europa (29% de las aguas) tienen impactos inciertos en los resultados de la pesca y la conservación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de la pesca industrial por arrastre en las AMP de la Unión Europea.
- Evaluar los efectos de la pesca de arrastre en las especies indicadoras sensibles de estas zonas protegidas.
Principales métodos:
- Datos investigados de la pesca industrial con arrastre en y alrededor de 727 AMP de la Unión Europea.
- Abundancia de especies indicadoras sensibles monitoreadas (tiburones, rayas, patines) en relación con la intensidad de la pesca por arrastre.
Principales resultados:
- El 59% de las AMP europeas están sujetas a la pesca de arrastre comercial.
- La intensidad de la pesca de arrastre en las AMP es 1,4 veces mayor que en las zonas no protegidas.
- La abundancia de especies sensibles disminuyó en un 69% en las AMP fuertemente arrastradas.
Conclusiones:
- La explotación industrial generalizada de las AMP compromete su eficacia en materia de conservación.
- La gestión actual de las AMP en Europa no protege la biodiversidad de las presiones pesqueras.
- Se necesita una reevaluación urgente de la eficacia de las AMP y las presiones humanas sobre las áreas protegidas a nivel mundial.
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