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Conocimientos genómicos sobre la epidemia de cólera de 2016-2017 en Yemen
François-Xavier Weill1, Daryl Domman2,3, Elisabeth Njamkepo4
1Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France. francois-xavier.weill@pasteur.fr.
Nature
|January 4, 2019
Resumen
La mayor epidemia de cólera en Yemen se originó en un solo linaje del sur de Asia de la séptima pandemia V. cholerae O1 El Tor (7PET). El Yemen
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- La genómica
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Yemen está experimentando la mayor epidemia de cólera en la historia registrada, con más de 1.1 millones de casos y 2.300 muertes reportadas desde septiembre de 2016.
- La epidemia se ha producido en dos oleadas distintas, con la segunda oleada comenzando en abril de 2017 y superando el millón de casos sospechosos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las relaciones filogenéticas, la patogénesis y los determinantes de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos de los aislados de Vibrio cholerae de la epidemia de Yemen.
- Colocar los aislamientos de la epidemia de Yemen en el contexto global del séptimo linaje pandémico de V. cholerae O1 El Tor (7PET).
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma completo de 116 aislamientos de Vibrio cholerae de Yemen y regiones vecinas.
- Análisis filogenético de estas secuencias junto con una colección global de 1.087 aislados del séptimo biotipo pandémico de V. cholerae O1 y O139 de El Tor.
Principales resultados:
- Los aislamientos epidémicos de Yemen pertenecen a un solo sublínea del linaje 7PET, específicamente el serotipo V. cholerae Ogawa.
- Este sub linaje se originó en el sur de Asia, causó brotes en el este de África y posteriormente se extendió a Yemen.
- Los aislados de Yemen son susceptibles a los tratamientos de cólera comúnmente utilizados y a la polimixina B.
Conclusiones:
- La epidemia de cólera de Yemen está vinculada a un sublínea específico del sur de Asia del linaje 7PET.
- La vigilancia genómica es crucial para comprender la propagación global y la evolución del cólera pandémico.
- La susceptibilidad de los aislados de Yemen a los antibióticos clave sugiere que hay opciones de tratamiento efectivas disponibles.
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