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Las fuerzas armadas y la salud mundial: la paz, los conflictos y la respuesta a los desastres
Joshua Michaud1, Kellie Moss2, Derek Licina3
1Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, Washington, DC, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Washington, DC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 22, 2019
Resumen
Los ejércitos poseen valiosas capacidades de salud global, pero sus objetivos de seguridad pueden entrar en conflicto con los objetivos humanitarios. Se necesitan políticas y colaboraciones mejoradas para mejorar las contribuciones militares a la equidad sanitaria mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- Medicina militar
- Las relaciones internacionales
Sus antecedentes:
- Aumento de la voluntad mundial de aprovechar los activos militares para las iniciativas de salud pública.
- Los militares ofrecen diversas capacidades, incluida la experiencia médica, la logística, la vigilancia y la seguridad.
- Los marcos existentes para la participación militar en la salud mundial a menudo son insuficientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir las funciones, responsabilidades y enfoques de los militares en la salud global.
- Analizar las capacidades y limitaciones militares en contextos de salud global.
- Identificar recomendaciones de políticas para mejorar la colaboración militar-civil en materia de salud mundial.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de diversos estudios de caso en tiempos de paz, conflictos y respuesta a desastres.
- Análisis de las capacidades militares aplicables a los desafíos sanitarios mundiales.
- Examen de los posibles conflictos entre los objetivos militares y la equidad sanitaria mundial.
Principales resultados:
- Los militares poseen activos significativos para la logística, el transporte, la investigación y el apoyo médico.
- La divergencia entre las misiones de seguridad militar y los objetivos mundiales de equidad en salud plantea desafíos.
- La falta de directrices claras y de oportunidades de participación estructuradas dificulta una colaboración eficaz.
Conclusiones:
- La participación militar en la salud mundial requiere una cuidadosa consideración de los posibles conflictos con objetivos humanitarios.
- El desarrollo de políticas claras y el fomento de un diálogo estructurado entre las organizaciones militares y civiles son cruciales.
- La colaboración mejorada puede optimizar las contribuciones militares a los resultados de la salud global y la equidad.
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