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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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El tiempo de replicación se entrelaza con la organización del genoma en 3D

Jian Ma1, Zhijun Duan2

  • 1Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

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|February 9, 2019
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Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron los primeros elementos de control de replicación (ERCE) que regulan el tiempo de replicación del ADN y la organización del genoma. Estos elementos de acción cis ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre la estructura y la función del genoma de alto orden.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica
  • Biología molecular
  • La epigenética

Sus antecedentes:

  • La organización espacial del genoma influye en varios procesos genómicos, incluida la replicación del ADN.
  • Comprender los elementos regulatorios que rigen el tiempo de replicación es crucial para comprender la función del genoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación entre la organización espacial del genoma y el tiempo de replicación del ADN.
  • Identificar nuevos elementos de acción cis que regulan el tiempo de replicación y la arquitectura del genoma.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los datos de organización espacial del genoma.
  • La disección de los patrones de tiempo de replicación del ADN.
  • Identificación y caracterización de los nuevos elementos reglamentarios.

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrimiento de elementos de control de replicación temprana (ERCE).
  • Se encontró que los ERCE regulan el tiempo de replicación.
  • Los ERCE influyen en la transcripción y en múltiples capas de la organización tridimensional del genoma.

Conclusiones:

  • Los elementos de control de replicación temprana (ERCE) representan una nueva clase de elementos reguladores de acción cis.
  • Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para la comprensión del control de la estructura y la función del genoma de alto orden.
  • El estudio proporciona una base para una mayor investigación sobre la regulación del genoma.