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Los patrones de las paredes celulares del polen se forman a partir de fases moduladas

Asja Radja1, Eric M Horsley1, Maxim O Lavrentovich2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33(rd) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cell
|February 9, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los patrones de grano de polen surgen de un proceso biofísico llamado separación de fases. La mayoría de las especies desarrollan patrones inexactos, mientras que algunas crean granos de polen idénticos y reproducibles.

Palabras clave:
biofísicamembrana de la célulapared de la célulaExina y sus derivadosFormación de patronestransición de faseEl polenPrimero y segundoautoensamblajefase modulada espacialmente

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La biofísica
  • Biología del desarrollo
  • Biología evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los patrones de la superficie de los granos de polen exhiben una notable diversidad geométrica.
  • Los mecanismos de desarrollo que subyacen a esta diversidad siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
  • Comprender estos patrones puede ofrecer información sobre otras estructuras biológicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar los principios biofísicos que rigen la formación de patrones de exina de polen.
  • Modelar el proceso de separación de fases en capas de polisacáridos.
  • Investigar las implicaciones evolutivas del desarrollo de patrones.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un modelo biofísico que simule la separación de fases de las capas de polisacáridos.
  • Observación experimental del desarrollo de patrones en células vegetales vivas.
  • Análisis comparativo de la diversidad de patrones entre las especies vegetales.

Principales resultados:

  • Un modelo biofísico recapitula con precisión la diversidad de patrones geométricos de los granos de polen.
  • El patrón de exina del polen es el resultado de la separación de fase de una capa de polisacáridos extracelular.
  • Aproximadamente el 10% de las especies alcanzan el equilibrio, produciendo granos de polen idénticos; el 90% detiene el desarrollo, produciendo copias inexactas.
  • Los patrones de equilibrio han evolucionado varias veces, pero no son favorecidos por la selección.

Conclusiones:

  • La diversidad de patrones de exina del polen se explica por un mecanismo de separación de fases.
  • La detención del desarrollo, en lugar del equilibrio, es el estado predominante en la mayoría de las especies.
  • Este modelo proporciona un marco para comprender otras estructuras biológicas secretadas.
  • La evolución no selecciona preferentemente los patrones perfectamente reproducibles.