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Control neuromodulador de los picos dendríticos localizados en la corteza del período crítico
Courtney E Yaeger1, Dario L Ringach1,2, Joshua T Trachtenberg3
1Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nature
|February 22, 2019
Resumen
El desarrollo temprano del cerebro se basa en circuitos inhibidores específicos, modulados por acetilcolina, para dar forma al procesamiento sensorial durante los períodos críticos. Esta vía neural transitoria es crucial para la visión y se cierra a medida que envejecemos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Biología del desarrollo
- Procesamiento Sensorial
Sus antecedentes:
- Las primeras experiencias sensoriales durante los períodos críticos son vitales para el desarrollo de los circuitos neuronales y el procesamiento de la información.
- Los mecanismos subyacentes a la susceptibilidad cortical a la información sensorial y su disminución dependiente de la edad siguen siendo poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de los circuitos inhibidores en la configuración de la actividad dendrítica durante los períodos críticos para el desarrollo visual.
- Para aclarar la función de la modulación colinérgica de las interneuronas que expresan somatostatina (SST) en la plasticidad binocular.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó modelos de corteza visual primaria de ratón.
- Investigó los efectos de la acetilcolina en las interneuronas que expresan somatostatina (SST) y las interneuronas que expresan parvalbúmina.
- Se emplean técnicas optogenéticas para manipular la actividad de las células SST.
- Evaluó el desarrollo de los campos receptivos binoculares y la actividad dendrítica.
Principales resultados:
- La señalización colinérgica durante los períodos críticos excita las interneuronas SST, inhibiendo las células piramidales y aumentando la actividad dendrítica y somática.
- Esta sensibilidad colinérgica disminuye en la edad adulta, lo que lleva a la pérdida de respuestas dendríticas compartimentadas.
- La activación optogenética de las células SST puede restaurar las respuestas dendríticas adultas, mientras que la supresión durante los períodos críticos afecta el desarrollo binocular.
Conclusiones:
- La modulación colinérgica transitoria de las células SST orquesta las características clave de la plasticidad neural, incluida la desinhibición somática y el aumento dendrítico compartimentado.
- La pérdida de esta modulación puede ser un factor clave en el cierre de los períodos críticos para el desarrollo sensorial.
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