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ADN y ARN de Hachimoji: Un sistema genético con ocho bloques de construcción
Shuichi Hoshika1,2, Nicole A Leal1,2, Myong-Jung Kim1,2
1Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, 13709 Progress Boulevard, No. 17, Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
Resumen
Los científicos crearon ADN y ARN sintéticos con ocho letras de nucleótidos, llamados hachimoji, para aumentar la densidad de la información y explorar la vida
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología sintética
- Astrobiología
- La bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- El ADN y el ARN naturales usan cuatro bases de nucleótidos.
- La evolución darwiniana requiere estructuras moleculares específicas.
- La exploración de sistemas genéticos alternativos es crucial para la astrobiología.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para crear nuevos sistemas de ADN y ARN con alfabetos genéticos ampliados.
- Para evaluar el potencial de estos sistemas sintéticos para apoyar la evolución darwiniana.
- Investigar las propiedades estructurales y termodinámicas de estas nuevas moléculas.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de sistemas de ocho nucleótidos (ADN y ARN de los Hachimoji).
- Análisis estructural mediante cristalografía de rayos X.
- Mediciones de la estabilidad termodinámica.
- Transcripción in vitro y caracterización del aptámero.
Principales resultados:
- Los sistemas Hachimoji poseen una columna vertebral polielectrolítica y bloques de construcción estereorregulares.
- Se midió y predijo la estabilidad termodinámica de los dúplex hachimoji.
- Las estructuras cristalinas confirmaron la compatibilidad con el cristal de ADN aperiódico.
- El ADN hachimoji se transcribió en aptamers de ARN hachimoji funcionales.
Conclusiones:
- Los sistemas Hachimoji cumplen con los criterios de la evolución darwiniana.
- Estas moléculas sintéticas pueden aumentar la densidad de información del material genético.
- Los hallazgos amplían las posibilidades de vida extraterrestre y nuevas biotecnologías.
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