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Impresión genómica y procesos fisiológicos en los mamíferos
Valter Tucci1, Anthony R Isles2, Gavin Kelsey3
1Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
Cell
|February 23, 2019
Resumen
La impresión genómica, un fenómeno epigenético en los mamíferos, expresa de manera única los alelos parentales, lo que influye en los rasgos y las funciones cerebrales. Esta revisión cubre los hitos clave y los mecanismos de los genes impresos en el desarrollo y la enfermedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genética
- La epigenética
- Biología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mamíferos poseen dos juegos de cromosomas, heredando material genético de ambos padres.
- La impresión genómica es una excepción notable, que involucra la expresión del alelo específico del padre crucial para la fisiología de los mamíferos.
- Los genes impresos, identificados a través de estudios epigenéticos, regulan la expresión génica en función del origen de los padres.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los avances significativos en el campo de la impresión genómica.
- Discutir los mecanismos y sistemas biológicos influenciados por los genes impresos.
- Destacar el papel de la impresión genómica en la función cerebral y las enfermedades asociadas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de los hitos clave en la investigación de la impresión genómica.
- Análisis de los mecanismos establecidos y emergentes de la impresión genómica.
- Síntesis de los conocimientos actuales sobre el papel de los genes impresos en los sistemas fisiológicos.
Principales resultados:
- La impresión genómica es un mecanismo epigenético bien establecido que influye en la expresión fenotípica.
- Los genes impresos juegan un papel crítico en el desarrollo y la fisiología de los mamíferos.
- La evidencia emergente indica un impacto sustancial de la impresión genómica en las funciones cerebrales y los trastornos neurológicos.
Conclusiones:
- La impresión genómica es un proceso epigenético fundamental con amplias implicaciones fisiológicas.
- La investigación adicional sobre los genes impresos es esencial para comprender el desarrollo del cerebro y las enfermedades.
- La comprensión de los mecanismos de impresión ofrece objetivos terapéuticos potenciales para los trastornos relacionados con la impresión.
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