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Conductividad cuántica crítica del fluido Dirac en el grafeno
Patrick Gallagher1,2, Chan-Shan Yang3,4, Tairu Lyu3
1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. fengwang76@berkeley.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 2, 2019
Resumen
Los investigadores observaron el fluido de Dirac
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física de la materia condensada
- Ciencias de los materiales cuánticos
- Física del plasma
Sus antecedentes:
- El grafeno cerca de la neutralidad de carga es teorizado para exhibir propiedades de un plasma relativista cuántico-crítico, llamado el "fluido de Dirac".
- Este estado se caracteriza por colisiones rápidas entre electrones sin masa y agujeros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar experimentalmente el comportamiento del grafeno cerca de la neutralidad de carga.
- Para sondear la tasa de dispersión cuántica y las características relativistas del plasma.
- Para explorar las excitaciones dinámicas en el grafeno utilizando espectroscopia óptica.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la espectroscopia de terahercios en el chip para medir la conductividad óptica dependiente de la frecuencia.
- Se han examinado muestras de grafeno limpias a escala micrométrica.
- Se han realizado mediciones a temperaturas de los electrones que oscilan entre los 77 y los 300 Kelvin.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una tasa de dispersión cuántica crítica en la neutralidad de carga, consistente con el comportamiento del fluido de Dirac.
- Se detectaron dos modos de transporte de corriente distintos (momento total cero y no cero) a niveles de dopaje más altos.
- Estos modos son indicativos de la hidrodinámica relativista en el grafeno.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona evidencia experimental de la naturaleza cuántica crítica del grafeno cerca de la neutralidad de carga.
- Confirmó la existencia del fluido de Dirac y su velocidad de dispersión característica.
- Reveló excitaciones dinámicas inusuales y fenómenos hidrodinámicos relativistas en el grafeno.
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