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Impactos del calentamiento histórico en la producción pesquera marina
Christopher M Free1,2, James T Thorson3,4, Malin L Pinsky5
1Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. cfree14@gmail.com.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 2, 2019
Resumen
El cambio climático está afectando negativamente a la productividad de la pesca marina. Este estudio muestra una disminución del 4,1% en el rendimiento máximo sostenible de 1930 a 2010 debido al calentamiento de los océanos, que afecta a la seguridad alimentaria mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina
- Ciencias del clima
- Ciencias de la pesca
Sus antecedentes:
- El cambio climático está alterando los hábitats marinos a nivel mundial.
- El impacto de estos cambios en la productividad pesquera y la producción de alimentos sigue sin estar claro.
- Comprender estos efectos es crucial para la gestión sostenible de la pesca.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la influencia del calentamiento del océano en la productividad de las poblaciones de peces e invertebrados marinos.
- Evaluar el efecto neto del cambio climático en la producción potencial de alimentos marinos.
- Identificar los factores que influyen en las respuestas de la población al calentamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos de población dependientes de la temperatura.
- Se analizaron 235 poblaciones de 124 especies y 38 ecorregiones.
- Utilizó el retroceso para estimar los cambios en el rendimiento máximo sostenible (RMS) de 1930 a 2010.
Principales resultados:
- El calentamiento tuvo impactos positivos y negativos significativos en diferentes poblaciones.
- La ecorregión, la taxonomía, la historia de la vida y la historia de la explotación explicaron las variaciones de respuesta.
- El RMS global para las poblaciones evaluadas disminuyó en un 4,1% entre 1930 y 2010.
- Cinco ecorregiones experimentaron pérdidas de RMS del 15% al 35%.
Conclusiones:
- El calentamiento de los océanos está reduciendo la productividad de la pesca marina.
- Las estrategias de gestión de la pesca deben incorporar los impactos del cambio climático para un aprovisionamiento alimentario eficaz a largo plazo.
- Tener en cuenta el cambio de la productividad en un océano más cálido es esencial para los resultados futuros de la pesca.
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