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Las estructuras cryo-EM de STING revelan su mecanismo de activación por GMP-AMP cíclico
Guijun Shang1, Conggang Zhang2, Zhijian J Chen3,4,5
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Nature
|March 8, 2019
Resumen
La GMP-AMP sintasa cíclica (cGAS) activa el estimulador de los genes de interferón (STING) a través de la cGAMP. Este estudio revela que el STING
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Biología molecular
- Biología estructural
Sus antecedentes:
- Las infecciones por patógenos del ADN desencadenan interferones tipo I y citoquinas inflamatorias.
- La GMP-AMP sintasa cíclica (cGAS) produce cGAMP, que activa el estimulador de los genes del interferón (STING).
- STING, una proteína de la membrana del retículo endoplasmático, es crucial para la señalización de la inmunidad innata.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar el mecanismo de activación de STING por cGAMP.
- Determinar la base estructural de los cambios conformacionales de STING tras la unión del ligando.
- Comprender la oligomerización STING y su papel en la transducción de señales.
Principales métodos:
- Microscopía cryoelectrónica (cryo-EM) para determinar las estructuras de STING humano y de pollo.
- Análisis de STING en estados diméricos inactivos, ligados a cGAMP y tetrámeros.
- Análisis mutacionales basados en la estructura para validar el modelo de activación propuesto.
Principales resultados:
- Determinación de las estructuras cryo-EM de STING humano y de pollo de longitud completa.
- Reveló un conjunto dimérico de transmembrana y regiones citoplasmáticas.
- La unión de cGAMP mostrada induce una rotación de 180 ° del dominio de unión del ligando, lo que lleva a la formación de tetrámeros y oligómeros de orden superior.
Conclusiones:
- La unión de cGAMP a STING induce un cambio conformacional y rotación de los dominios.
- Esta rotación desencadena la oligomerización STING, formando tetrámeros y estructuras de orden superior esenciales para la activación.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan un modelo estructural para la señalización inmune innata mediada por STING.
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