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La inducción de la autofagia a través del tráfico de STING es una función primordial de la vía cGAS
Xiang Gui1, Hui Yang1, Tuo Li1
1Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Nature
|March 8, 2019
Resumen
La vía del estimulador cíclico de la GMP-AMP (cGAMP) sintasa (cGAS) de los genes de interferón (STING) activa la autofagia, un proceso de limpieza celular. Esta inducción de la autofagia es crucial para la limpieza del ADN citosólico y los virus.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Biología celular
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- La vía de la GMP-AMP cíclica (cGAMP) sintasa (cGAS) detecta el ADN citosólico, iniciando una respuesta inmune a través de la activación de STING.
- La activación de STING generalmente conduce a la producción de interferón a través de la activación de la quinasa TBK1.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el papel de STING más allá de la inducción de interferón.
- Para aclarar el mecanismo por el cual STING regula la autofagia.
Principales métodos:
- Investigó la translocación de STING al ERGIC y Golgi.
- Se evaluó la lipidación LC3 y la biogénesis del autofagosoma.
- Utilizó knockouts genéticos y inhibidores de vías específicas.
- Examinó la función de STING en un modelo de anémona de mar.
Principales resultados:
- STING activa la autofagia independientemente de la TBK1 y la señalización del interferón.
- STING se reubica en el ERGIC / Golgi, proporcionando membranas para la formación de autofagosomas.
- La autofagia inducida por cGAMP requiere WIPI2 y ATG5 pero no complejos ULK o VPS34.
- La autofagia inducida por cGAMP ayuda a eliminar el ADN citosólico y los virus.
Conclusiones:
- La señalización STING tiene una doble función en la inmunidad: inducción de interferón y activación de la autofagia.
- La inducción de la autofagia por STING es una función evolucionariamente conservada, que potencialmente es anterior a las respuestas al interferón.
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