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El impacto humano erosiona la diversidad de comportamiento de los chimpancés
Hjalmar S Kühl1,2, Christophe Boesch3,4, Lars Kulik3
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. kuehl@eva.mpg.de ammie_kalan@eva.mpg.de.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 9, 2019
Resumen
El impacto humano reduce significativamente la diversidad de comportamiento de los chimpancés. Este estudio muestra una disminución del 88% en los comportamientos en áreas de alto impacto, destacando la necesidad de conservación de la diversidad cultural.
Área de la Ciencia:
- El comportamiento de los primates y la ciencia de la conservación.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los chimpancés muestran diversos rasgos de comportamiento y cultura.
- La hipótesis de la perturbación postula que las actividades humanas tienen un impacto negativo en la disponibilidad de recursos y el aprendizaje social, cruciales para la transmisión cultural.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de la perturbación humana en la diversidad de comportamiento de los chimpancés.
- Evaluar si el impacto humano afecta la transmisión de comportamientos aprendidos en chimpancés.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un conjunto de datos que abarca 144 comunidades de chimpancés.
- Analizó la ocurrencia de 31 comportamientos distintos de chimpancés en relación con diferentes niveles de impacto humano.
Principales resultados:
- Los chimpancés en áreas de alto impacto humano exhibieron una reducción del 88% en la probabilidad media de ocurrencia del comportamiento en comparación con los de áreas de bajo impacto.
- Esta pérdida de diversidad de comportamiento fue consistente en todos los comportamientos analizados, independientemente de la categorización.
Conclusiones:
- El impacto humano está fuertemente asociado con una disminución significativa en la diversidad de comportamiento de los chimpancés.
- Los esfuerzos de conservación deben considerar "unidades culturalmente significativas" para proteger el repertorio de comportamiento de los chimpancés.
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