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La crisis de salud pública en Venezuela: una emergencia regional
Kathleen R Page1, Shannon Doocy2, Feliciano Reyna Ganteaume3
1Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 16, 2019
Resumen
La crisis económica de Venezuela ha devastado su sistema de salud, lo que ha llevado a un aumento de las muertes infantiles y maternas, y al resurgimiento de enfermedades infecciosas como el sarampión, la difteria, la malaria y la tuberculosis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Economía de la salud
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La crisis económica de Venezuela ha afectado gravemente su infraestructura de atención médica.
- La escasez de medicamentos, suministros y servicios públicos, junto con la emigración de trabajadores de la salud, han paralizado los servicios de salud.
- El Ministerio de Salud venezolano dejó de publicar estadísticas vitales en 2016, lo que dificulta el monitoreo de la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para sintetizar la información de salud disponible sobre la crisis de salud pública de Venezuela.
- Discutir estrategias de participación para la comunidad internacional.
- Cuantificar el impacto de la crisis económica en los indicadores de salud pública.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, PubMed y literatura gris.
- Se examinaron las referencias de artículos relevantes, informes gubernamentales y no gubernamentales y bases de datos públicas.
- Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español publicados hasta el 1 de diciembre de 2018.
Principales resultados:
- La mortalidad infantil aumentó en un 63% (2012-2016); la mortalidad materna más que se duplicó.
- Los brotes de sarampión y difteria se han extendido a nivel regional desde 2016.
- Venezuela experimentó el mayor aumento en el mundo de las tasas de malaria (2016-2017); las tasas de tuberculosis estuvieron en un máximo de 40 años en 2015.
- Los pacientes con VIH interrumpieron el tratamiento debido a la escasez de medicamentos (2017-2018).
Conclusiones:
- La crisis económica venezolana ha colapsado el sistema de salud, causando un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad.
- La disminución de los servicios de salud pública alimenta los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas, que amenazan la salud nacional y regional.
- El compromiso urgente de la comunidad internacional es necesario para hacer frente a la creciente crisis de salud.
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