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Las asociaciones del consumo de colesterol o huevo con la enfermedad cardiovascular y la mortalidad

Victor W Zhong¹, Linda Van Horn¹, Marilyn C Cornelis¹

¹Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

|March 16, 2019

Resumen

Los niveles más altos de colesterol en la dieta y el consumo de huevos están relacionados con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y mortalidad. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de reconsiderar las pautas dietéticas relativas al consumo de colesterol y huevos para la salud pública.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la nutrición
Salud cardiovascular
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

El colesterol dietético, abundante en los huevos, es un nutriente común con vínculos debatidos con las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y la mortalidad.
Las investigaciones anteriores sobre la relación entre el colesterol en la dieta, el consumo de huevos, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la mortalidad han dado resultados controvertidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la ingesta de colesterol en la dieta y el consumo de huevos con la incidencia de ECV y la mortalidad por cualquier causa.
Analizar las relaciones dosis-respuesta y el impacto de estos factores dietéticos en los resultados de salud cardiovascular.

Principales métodos:

Se reunieron datos de participantes individuales de 6 prospectivas cohortes estadounidenses (1985-2016) en las que participaron 29,615 adultos.
Armonización estandarizada de los datos dietéticos autoinformados, centrándose en el colesterol dietético (mg/día) y el consumo de huevos (número/día).
Relaciones de riesgo ajustadas (RR) y diferencias de riesgo absoluto (DRA) para enfermedades cardiovasculares incidentes y mortalidad por cualquier causa, controlando los factores demográficos, socioeconómicos y de comportamiento.

Principales resultados:

Una mayor ingesta diaria de colesterol dietético (300 mg) se asoció con un mayor riesgo de ECV (HR, 1.17) y de mortalidad por cualquier causa (HR, 1.18).
El consumo de medio huevo al día se asoció significativamente con un mayor riesgo de ECV (HR, 1, 06) y la mortalidad por cualquier causa (HR, 1, 08).
Las asociaciones entre el consumo de huevos y la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares ya no fueron significativas después de ajustar la ingesta de colesterol en la dieta, lo que indica que el colesterol es el factor principal.

Conclusiones:

El aumento del consumo de colesterol y huevos en la dieta está asociado, dependiendo de la dosis, con un mayor riesgo de ECV incidente y mortalidad por cualquier causa en adultos estadounidenses.
Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de tener en cuenta el colesterol y la ingesta de huevos en las directrices dietéticas y las recomendaciones de salud pública.
El estudio destaca el impacto significativo del colesterol en la dieta sobre la salud cardiovascular y la mortalidad general.

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