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U Satya Sainadh1, Han Xu2, Xiaoshan Wang3

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El túnel cuántico es instantáneo, no un tiempo finito pasado bajo una barrera. Los experimentos con átomos de hidrógeno lo confirman, descartando las interpretaciones anteriores de las mediciones de tiempo de túnel.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Mecánica Cuántica
  • Física atómica
  • La óptica cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El túnel cuántico es un fenómeno en el que las partículas atraviesan barreras potenciales, un concepto ausente en la física clásica.
  • Existe un debate sobre si las partículas cuánticas pasan un tiempo medible en el túnel, intensificado por la metrología atosecondaria.
  • El átomo de hidrógeno sirve como punto de referencia debido a su simplicidad para mediciones y cálculos precisos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar experimentalmente los tiempos de túnel cuántico en el hidrógeno atómico utilizando técnicas avanzadas.
  • Para comparar los resultados experimentales con simulaciones teóricas precisas.
  • Para resolver el debate sobre si el túnel cuántico es instantáneo o toma un tiempo finito.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó la técnica de rayas angulares de attosegundo (attoclock) para el tiempo preciso de liberación de electrones.
  • Utilizó imágenes de espacio de momento para el análisis detallado de la trayectoria del electrón.
  • Realizó experimentos con hidrógeno atómico y comparó datos con simulaciones de ecuaciones de Schrödinger dependientes del tiempo en 3D.

Principales resultados:

  • Se encontró una excelente concordancia entre las mediciones experimentales y las simulaciones teóricas para el hidrógeno atómico.
  • El potencial de Coulomb fue identificado como la causa del ángulo de emisión de electrones, no el tiempo de túnel finito.
  • Se estableció un límite superior de 1,8 attosegundos para cualquier retraso en el túnel.

Conclusiones:

  • El túnel cuántico a través de una barrera potencial es un proceso instantáneo.
  • La interpretación de los ángulos medidos como tiempos finitos de túnel es incorrecta.
  • Este estudio proporciona una fuerte evidencia que apoya el túnel instantáneo en la mecánica cuántica.