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Bases estructurales de la extracción de lipopolisacáridos por el complejo LptB2FGC
Yanyan Li1, Benjamin J Orlando1, Maofu Liao2
1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|March 22, 2019
Resumen
El complejo de transporte de lipopolisacáridos (Lpt) LptB2FGC, esencial para las bacterias Gram-negativas, tiene su estructura revelada. LptC (en inglés)
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Biología estructural
- La bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- El lipopolisacárido (LPS) es crucial para la integridad de la membrana externa de las bacterias Gram negativas y la resistencia a los antibióticos.
- El sistema de transporte de lipopolisacáridos (Lpt), que comprende las proteínas LptA-G, facilita la translocación de LPS de la membrana interna a la externa.
- El transportador de casete de unión de ATP LptB2FG, asociado con LptC, es clave para extraer LPS de la membrana interna, pero su mecanismo y el papel de LptC no están claros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar el mecanismo estructural del complejo LptB2FG-LptC (LptB2FGC) en el transporte de lipopolisacáridos.
- Comprender el papel de LptC en la regulación del transportador de casete de unión al ATP LptB2FG.
- Para revelar las interacciones detalladas entre el complejo LptB2FGC y el lipopolisacárido.
Principales métodos:
- Para determinar las estructuras de LptB2FG y LptB2FGC se empleó la criomicroscopia electrónica de una sola partícula (cryo-EM).
- Las estructuras se resolvieron en estados libres de nucleótidos y atrapados en vanadato para capturar diferentes conformaciones funcionales.
- El análisis detallado de las estructuras cryo-EM identificó las interacciones entre lipopolisacáridos y proteínas-lípidos.
Principales resultados:
- Se obtuvieron estructuras cryo-EM de alta resolución de LptB2FG y LptB2FGC, visualizando el lipopolisacárido unido.
- Las estructuras revelan interacciones detalladas de la cadena lateral entre el transportador y el lipopolisacárido, explicando los mecanismos de captura y extrusión.
- Se encontró que LptC inserta su hélice transmembrana dentro de LptB2FG, un nuevo mecanismo regulador para los transportadores ABC, acoplando el transporte de LPS a los cambios conformacionales.
Conclusiones:
- La estructura LptB2FGC proporciona una visión sin precedentes del mecanismo de transporte de lipopolisacáridos a través de la membrana interna bacteriana.
- LptC juega un papel regulador crítico al modular la actividad de LptB2FG y potencialmente coordinar las interacciones de la proteína Lpt periplásmica.
- Comprender este complejo es vital para desarrollar nuevas estrategias para combatir la resistencia a los antibióticos en las bacterias Gram negativas.
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