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El nuevo pliegue del filamento tau en la encefalopatía traumática crónica encierra moléculas hidrofóbicas
Benjamin Falcon1, Jasenko Zivanov1, Wenjuan Zhang1
1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
Nature
|March 22, 2019
Resumen
Los investigadores determinaron la estructura de los filamentos tau en la encefalopatía traumática crónica (ETC). Estas estructuras son únicas y pueden ayudar a diagnosticar la ETC y comprender su progresión en el cerebro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La bioquímica
- Patología
Sus antecedentes:
- La encefalopatía traumática crónica (CTE) es una tauopatía neurodegenerativa progresiva relacionada con impactos repetitivos en la cabeza.
- El diagnóstico actual de CTE requiere autopsia, y no hay terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad disponibles.
- La morfología precisa de los filamentos tau y los mecanismos de su formación en la ETC siguen siendo desconocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar las estructuras de alta resolución de los filamentos tau en el cerebro de las personas con ETC.
- Para comparar las estructuras de filamento CTE tau con las que se encuentran en otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Para aclarar la base estructural para la agregación de tau en CTE.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó la criomicroscopia para analizar los filamentos tau de tres cerebros CTE.
- El análisis estructural se realizó a resoluciones de hasta 2,3 Å.
- Se realizó un análisis estructural comparativo con las tauopatías conocidas.
Principales resultados:
- Las estructuras de filamento Tau en CTE fueron idénticas en los tres casos, pero distintas de las enfermedades de Alzheimer y Pick.
- Las seis isoformas tau del cerebro se ensamblan en filamentos en CTE, formando protofilamentos en forma de C.
- Se identificó una cavidad hidrofóbica única y distintas interfaces de protofilamento en los filamentos CTE tau, lo que sugiere la participación de un cofactor.
Conclusiones:
- Las estructuras de filamento tau determinadas proporcionan un criterio neuropatológico unificador para la ETC.
- Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que diferentes conformadores tau subyacen a diferentes enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
- La comprensión de estas estructuras puede allanar el camino para futuras estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas para la ETC.
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