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La adhesión del blastodermo a la envoltura vitelina afecta la gastrulación de los insectos
Stefan Münster1,2,3,4, Akanksha Jain1, Alexander Mietke1,2,3,5
1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
Nature
|March 29, 2019
Resumen
La adhesión del tejido embrionario a los caparazones protectores genera fuerzas que dan forma al desarrollo. Este estudio revela cómo las interacciones tejido-capa guían los movimientos de gastrulación en los insectos, descubriendo un mecanismo conservado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo
- Biología celular
- La biofísica
Sus antecedentes:
- La gastrulación implica fuerzas físicas que remodelan los tejidos embrionarios en planes corporales complejos.
- Se sabe que la contractilidad intrínseca del tejido impulsa la gastrulación, pero las fuerzas externas de las estructuras circundantes son menos comprendidas.
- Los embriones a menudo están encerrados en caparazones rígidos, lo que plantea preguntas sobre su papel en la mecánica del desarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si las interacciones entre el tejido embrionario y las conchas circundantes contribuyen a las fuerzas durante la gastrulación.
- Identificar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a la adhesión entre el tejido y la cáscara y su impacto en el desarrollo embrionario.
- Para determinar si este mecanismo se conserva en diferentes especies de insectos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió los embriones del escarabajo rojo de la harina (Tribolium castaneum) y la mosca de la fruta (Drosophila melanogaster).
- Se investigó el papel de la integrina αPS2 (inflada) y la integrina αPS3 (crusta) en la adhesión del blastoderma.
- Se utilizó el knockdown genético para observar los fenotipos de gastrulación y se analizaron las interacciones tejido-caparazón.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrió que el tejido blastodérmico en Tribolium castaneum se adhiere a la envoltura vitelina de una manera coordinada.
- Esta adhesión genera fuerzas contrarrestantes que crean movimientos de tejido asimétricos durante la gastrulación.
- La reducción de la integrina αPS2 interrumpió esta unión, lo que condujo a defectos de gastrulación.
Conclusiones:
- La adhesión del tejido a la envoltura vitelina proporciona fuerzas contrarrestantes cruciales que dan forma a los movimientos de gastrulación.
- Este mecanismo, dependiente de las integrinas específicas, se conserva en insectos como Tribolium castaneum y Drosophila melanogaster.
- El control espacio-temporal de la adhesión tisular es un factor clave en la morfogénesis embrionaria.
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