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Estructuras en forma de aguja descubiertas en ramas de rayos cargados positivamente

B M Hare¹, O Scholten^2,3, J Dwyer⁴

¹KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. b.h.hare@rug.nl.

|April 19, 2019

Resumen

Una nueva investigación revela que las "agujas", pequeñas estructuras de plasma, son la fuente principal de la emisión de radio de los conductores positivos en los rayos. Estas estructuras explican la desconexión del líder y múltiples eventos de rayos de nube a tierra.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Física de la atmósfera
Física del plasma
El electromagnetismo

Sus antecedentes:

El rayo es un fenómeno natural mal entendido que involucra canales de plasma llamados líderes.
Los líderes negativos emiten pulsos de radio, mientras que los líderes positivos emiten menos radiación de alta frecuencia y se comportan de manera diferente.
Las teorías anteriores sobre la desconexión del líder carecen de una explicación completa para el comportamiento positivo del líder.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la fuente de la emisión de radio de los líderes positivos en el rayo.
Para entender el mecanismo detrás de la desconexión del líder y múltiples eventos de rayos de nube a tierra.

Principales métodos:

Observaciones interferométricas tridimensionales de rayos.
Imágenes de alta resolución espacio-temporal de fenómenos de rayos.

Principales resultados:

Identificó pequeñas estructuras de plasma, llamadas "agujas", como la fuente dominante de emisión de radio de los líderes positivos.
Observó que estas 'agujas' parecen drenar la carga del líder.
Encontré una correlación entre 'agujas' y eventos de desconexión de líderes.

Conclusiones:

Las "agujas" son responsables de la emisión de radio de los líderes positivos.
Las 'agujas' probablemente explican por qué los líderes positivos se desconectan de los negativos.
Las "agujas" también pueden explicar las múltiples conexiones en los eventos de relámpagos de nube a tierra.