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Buscando terremotos ocultos en el sur de California

Zachary E Ross¹, Daniel T Trugman², Egill Hauksson³

¹Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. zross@gps.caltech.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 20, 2019

Resumen

Un nuevo método de detección de terremotos encontró 1.81 millones de terremotos en el sur de California, revelando pequeños eventos sísmicos no vistos anteriormente. Esto mejora significativamente nuestra comprensión de la geometría de la zona de falla y los procesos de nucleación de terremotos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Sismología
Ciencia de los terremotos
La geofísica

Sus antecedentes:

Los catálogos de terremotos generalmente subrepresentan eventos más pequeños debido a limitaciones de fidelidad de la señal.
La relación ley-poder dicta que los terremotos más pequeños ocurren con mucha más frecuencia que los más grandes.
Las redes sísmicas existentes a menudo pierden un número sustancial de micro-terremotos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para superar las limitaciones en los catálogos de terremotos actuales mediante la detección de micro-terremotos previamente perdidos.
Para generar un catálogo de terremotos mucho más grande y detallado para el sur de California.
Para obtener una visión más profunda de las estructuras de la zona de falla, la nucleación de terremotos y los mecanismos de activación.

Principales métodos:

Aplicó una técnica de detección de coincidencia de plantillas al archivo completo de formas de onda de la red sísmica del sur de California.
Procesado datos sísmicos extensos para identificar un gran número de pequeños eventos sísmicos.

Principales resultados:

Generó un catálogo sin precedentes de 1,81 millones de terremotos, un aumento de diez veces con respecto a los catálogos anteriores.
Mejoró significativamente la detección de eventos sísmicos más pequeños, proporcionando detalles más ricos.
Permitió nuevas observaciones con respecto a la geometría de la zona de falla en profundidad y el comportamiento de choque frontal.

Conclusiones:

El catálogo mejorado de terremotos proporciona datos cruciales para comprender la nucleación y el desencadenamiento de terremotos.
Este catálogo sísmico detallado avanzará en la investigación futura en la ciencia de los terremotos y el análisis de fallas.
El emparejamiento de plantillas es una técnica poderosa para descubrir la sismicidad oculta.

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