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El sumidero de carbono de Forearc reduce el reciclaje volátil a largo plazo en el manto
P H Barry1,2, J M de Moor3,4, D Giovannelli5,6,7,8
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. pbarry@whoi.edu.
Nature
|April 26, 2019
Resumen
La subducción de las placas tectónicas transporta el carbono hacia el manto de la Tierra. La mayor parte del carbono liberado de la losa debajo de Costa Rica está atrapado en la calcita de la corteza, reduciendo la transferencia de carbono del manto profundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geoquímica
- Geología
- Volcanología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los volátiles como el carbono se transportan al manto de la Tierra en márgenes convergentes a través de la corteza oceánica subductora.
- Comprender la eficiencia de esta transferencia volátil es crucial para comprender las heterogeneidades geoquímicas y el estado de oxidación de la Tierra.
- La cuantificación de la liberación volátil de las regiones de arco anterior y posterior está menos restringida que la de los arcos volcánicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el destino del carbono liberado de la losa de subducción debajo del arco frontal de Costa Rica.
- Para determinar las proporciones de carbono secuestrado en la corteza versus transferido al manto.
- Para refinar las estimaciones del flujo de carbono en el manto profundo de la Tierra.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de helio y datos de isótopos de carbono de fuentes profundas.
- Utilizando dos transectos de arco transversal en Costa Rica para capturar las variaciones espaciales.
- Cuantificación del secuestro de carbono a través de la deposición de calcita y la asimilación microbiana.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente el 91% del carbono liberado de la losa y el manto debajo del arco frontal de Costa Rica se secuestra como calcita dentro de la corteza.
- Un 3% adicional de carbono se incorpora a la biomasa a través de la quimiolitoautotropía microbiana.
- La liberación anual estimada de dióxido de carbono de la losa debajo del arco frontal oscila entre 1,2 × 10^8 y 1,3 × 10^10 moles.
Conclusiones:
- La mayoría del carbono liberado durante la subducción en esta región se retiene en la corteza, no se transfiere al manto profundo.
- Las estimaciones anteriores de la transferencia de carbono al manto profundo pueden ser sobreestimadas hasta en un 19% debido al secuestro de la corteza.
- Este estudio pone de relieve el importante papel de los procesos de forearc en la regulación de los ciclos globales del carbono.
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