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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
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Programación paralela de una matriz de memoria de puerta flotante iónica para computación neuromórfica escalable

Elliot J Fuller1, Scott T Keene2, Armantas Melianas2

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 27, 2019
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva matriz de memoria de puerta flotante iónica para la computación neuromórfica. Este sistema permite actualizaciones de peso eficientes y paralelas y lecturas de baja corriente, avanzando el hardware de inteligencia artificial.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Ingeniería informática
  • La neurociencia

Sus antecedentes:

  • La computación convencional se enfrenta a limitaciones de eficiencia, particularmente en las redes neuronales artificiales.
  • La computación neuromórfica tiene como objetivo mejorar la eficiencia a través del procesamiento paralelo y la memoria especializada.
  • El logro de un aprendizaje eficiente requiere actualizaciones de peso selectivas y lineales y corrientes de lectura bajas (<10 nA).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para introducir una nueva matriz de memoria de puerta flotante iónica para una computación neuromórfica eficiente.
  • Para demostrar la programación selectiva y lineal de las pesas de la red neuronal artificial.
  • Para lograr una lectura de peso sináptico con corrientes por debajo de 10 nanoamperios.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó un transistor redox de polímero integrado con una memoria de puente conductivo (CBM).
  • Implementación de la programación paralela mediante la superación del umbral de tensión del CBM para las actualizaciones selectivas de peso.
  • Se obtienen corrientes de lectura bajas diluyendo el polímero conductor con un aislante.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró la programación selectiva y lineal de la matriz de transistores redox en paralelo.
  • Se obtiene una lectura de peso sináptico con corrientes por debajo de 10 nanoamperios.
  • La matriz de memoria demostró una alta resistencia (> 1 mil millones de operaciones de lectura y escritura) y una alta frecuencia (> 1 MHz).

Conclusiones:

  • La matriz de memoria de puerta flotante iónica desarrollada cumple con los requisitos críticos para un aprendizaje neuromórfico eficiente.
  • Esta tecnología ofrece un camino para superar la eficiencia de la computación convencional en aplicaciones de IA.
  • El sistema es prometedor para un hardware neuromórfico robusto y de alta velocidad.