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¿Qué se necesitaría para que la electrosíntesis impulsada por energías renovables desplazara a los procesos
Phil De Luna1,2,3, Christopher Hahn2,4, Drew Higgins2,4,5
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 27, 2019
Resumen
La conversión electrocatalítica de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y agua en productos químicos puede reducir las emisiones. El logro de la competitividad de costos requiere un 60% de eficiencia y electricidad renovable por debajo de $0.04/kWh.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería Química
- La electroquímica
- Química sustentable
Sus antecedentes:
- La utilización de dióxido de carbono (CO2) es crucial para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
- La electrocatálisis ofrece una vía para convertir el CO2 y el agua en valiosas materias primas químicas.
- La producción química industrial actual depende en gran medida de los combustibles fósiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar un análisis tecnoeconómico y de emisiones de carbono de la conversión electrocatalítica de CO2.
- Identificar objetivos para la implementación industrial económicamente viable de la electrosíntesis.
- Comparar la electrosíntesis con los métodos de producción biocatalíticos y derivados de combustibles fósiles.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis tecnoeconómico de varios productos químicos derivados del CO2.
- Evaluación de las emisiones de carbono para diferentes vías de producción.
- Análisis comparativo de los procesos electrocatalíticos, biocatalíticos y basados en combustibles fósiles.
Principales resultados:
- La electrosíntesis requiere eficiencias de conversión eléctrica a química de al menos el 60% para competir con los combustibles fósiles.
- Los precios de la electricidad renovable deben estar por debajo de $0.04 por kilovatio-hora para su viabilidad económica.
- Los procesos electrocatalíticos y biocatalíticos combinados muestran potencial para la mejora secuencial del CO2.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesitan avances significativos en la eficiencia y la reducción de costes para la electrosíntesis industrial.
- Los desafíos técnicos y las barreras económicas obstaculizan la comercialización de los productos químicos electrosintetizados.
- La electrocatálisis presenta una alternativa prometedora, aunque difícil, a la producción química dependiente de los combustibles fósiles.
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