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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Un marco metálico-orgánico de un solo cristal y cápsula abierta

Yong-Sheng Wei¹, Mei Zhang¹, Mitsunori Kitta²

¹AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 3, 2019

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva cápsula de marco metálico orgánico (MOF) de un solo cristal con aberturas para una carga mejorada. Este MOF cápsula permite una electrocatálisis multifuncional eficiente para la división del agua y las baterías de aire de Zn.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
Nanotecnología
La electroquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Las micro/nano cápsulas son cruciales para el almacenamiento, la catálisis y la administración de fármacos.
Las cápsulas convencionales se enfrentan a limitaciones en la carga y la difusión debido a sus paredes no policristalinas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Diseñar y sintetizar un nuevo marco metálico-orgánico cápsulado monocristalino (MOF) con aberturas inherentes.
Fabricar un marco basado en carbono dopado con nitrógeno a partir del MOF cápsula para electrocatálisis avanzada.

Principales métodos:

Transformación de la estructura cristalina para crear una MOF cápsula de un solo cristal.
Pirólisis-fosfidación del MOF y la melamina en cápsula para formar un marco de carbono dopado con nitrógeno con nanopartículas de fosfuro de Fe-Ni y nanotubos de carbono incrustados.

Principales resultados:

El MOF de cápsula abierta demostró una capacidad de carga superior para el azufre y el yodo en comparación con los MOF existentes.
El marco de carbono capsular derivado dopado con nitrógeno exhibió una electrocatálisis multifuncional eficiente para la evolución del oxígeno, la evolución del hidrógeno y la reducción del oxígeno.

Conclusiones:

El nuevo diseño de MOF en cápsulas supera las limitaciones de difusión de las micro/nanocápsulas convencionales.
El material fabricado a base de carbono dopado con nitrógeno muestra un potencial significativo para la división general del agua y las baterías recargables de Zn-aire.