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Reconciliación de las mediciones de propiedades cristalográficas y físicas del sulfuro de plomo termoeléctrico
Christian Moeslund Zeuthen1, Peter Skjøtt Thorup1, Nikolaj Roth1
1Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , Aarhus , Denmark.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 3, 2019
Resumen
Este estudio revela que el sulfuro de plomo
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Física del estado sólido
- La cristalografía
Sus antecedentes:
- Los calogenuros de plomo como el sulfuro de plomo (PbS) son materiales termoeléctricos de alto rendimiento cruciales.
- Su estructura cristalina de alto defecto y propiedades de transporte carecen de comprensión fundamental.
- Las propiedades observadas se alinean con las estructuras ideales de sales de roca, no con las estructuras de alto defecto esperadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre los defectos de la estructura cristalina y las propiedades de transporte en el sulfuro de plomo.
- Aclarar la discrepancia entre los datos cristalográficos y las propiedades electrónicas medidas.
- Desarrollar un modelo estructural refinado para el sulfuro de plomo.
Principales métodos:
- Difracción de rayos X de polvo sincrotrón de alta resolución (XRD) para el análisis cristalográfico.
- Refinamiento de Rietveld con modelado avanzado que incluye orientación preferida y tensión anisotrópica.
- Microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) para analizar las características estructurales y la orientación.
- Medición de la concentración del portador de carga, la resistividad, la movilidad y el coeficiente de Seebeck.
Principales resultados:
- Los refinamientos de XRD sugirieron inicialmente ocupaciones de plomo no físicas, lo que contradice las mediciones de transporte.
- Un nuevo modelo de Rietveld que incorpora la dispersión difusa debido a un trastorno correlacionado mejoró la ocupación de plomo casi completa.
- TEM confirmó que no hay orientación preferida, lo que indica que la dispersión difusa es clave para modelar las intensidades de Bragg.
- Las propiedades de transporte eran consistentes con la ocupación casi completa de plomo, no con las vacantes de plomo.
Conclusiones:
- La aparente baja ocupación de plomo en el sulfuro de plomo es un artefacto de modelado de trastornos correlacionados, no vacantes reales.
- El trastorno correlacionado direccionalmente tiene un impacto significativo en el análisis estructural de materiales avanzados.
- El enfoque de modelado desarrollado puede explicar los efectos de desorden direccional en materiales avanzados.
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