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Una mandíbula del Pleistoceno Medio tardío de la meseta tibetana

Fahu Chen^1,2, Frido Welker^3,4,5, Chuan-Chou Shen^6,7

¹Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology (LAE), CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. fhchen@itpcas.ac.cn.

|May 3, 2019

Resumen

Una mandíbula denisovana encontrada en la meseta tibetana proporciona evidencia directa de los homínidos arcaicos fuera de Siberia. Este fósil revela que los denisovanos se adaptaron a las altitudes hace más de 160.000 años.

Área de la Ciencia:

Paleoantropología
Análisis de ADN antiguo
La evolución del hombre

Sus antecedentes:

Los denisovanos son conocidos por fósiles limitados en Siberia y evidencia genética en poblaciones asiáticas.
Los fósiles denisovanos morfológicamente distintos son escasos, lo que dificulta la comprensión de su rango geográfico y sus relaciones evolutivas.
Los genes denisovanos están vinculados a las adaptaciones de gran altitud en los humanos modernos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para identificar y caracterizar los fósiles denisovanos más allá de las montañas de Altai.
Para investigar la adaptación de los denisovanos a los entornos de gran altitud.
Para entender la presencia temprana de los homínidos en la meseta tibetana.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de proteínas antiguas para identificar la especie homínida.
U-serie de fechas de una matriz de carbonato para determinar la edad del fósil.
Análisis de la morfología mandibular y dental.

Principales resultados:

Se descubrió una mandíbula denisovana en la cueva de Baishiya Karst en la meseta tibetana.
La mandíbula tiene al menos 160.000 años de antigüedad.
El espécimen ofrece información sobre la morfología denisovana y su presencia en regiones de gran altitud durante el Pleistoceno Medio.

Conclusiones:

Los homínidos arcaicos, incluidos los denisovanos, habitaron la meseta tibetana durante el Pleistoceno Medio.
Los denisovanos se adaptaron a ambientes hipóxicos de gran altitud mucho antes de que los humanos modernos llegaran a la región.
Este hallazgo amplía el rango geográfico conocido de los denisovanos y sus capacidades adaptativas.

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