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Mapeando los ríos que fluyen libremente en el mundo

G Grill1, B Lehner2, M Thieme3

  • 1Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. guenther.grill@mail.mcgill.ca.

Nature
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Resumen

A nivel mundial, solo el 37% de los ríos largos siguen fluyendo libremente, y el desarrollo de infraestructuras fragmenta los ecosistemas fluviales vitales. Este estudio traza mapas de los ríos de flujo libre (FFR) restantes para ayudar a los esfuerzos de conservación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología
  • Hidrología
  • Ciencias de la conservación

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ríos de flujo libre son ecosistemas globales críticos que apoyan la biodiversidad y proporcionan servicios esenciales.
  • El desarrollo de la infraestructura, en particular las presas, representa una amenaza significativa para la conectividad fluvial, los procesos ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar el estado de conectividad global de los ríos e identificar los ríos de flujo libre restantes.
  • Proporcionar una base para las estrategias mundiales y nacionales destinadas a mantener o restaurar la conectividad fluvial.

Principales métodos:

  • Se aplicó un nuevo método para cuantificar la conectividad fluvial en 12 millones de kilómetros de ríos en todo el mundo.
  • El mapeo identificó los FFR y evaluó su flujo ininterrumpido hacia el océano.

Principales resultados:

  • Sólo el 37% de los ríos de más de 1.000 km permanecen fluyendo libremente a lo largo de toda su longitud.
  • Sólo el 23% de estos ríos fluyen ininterrumpidamente hacia el océano.
  • Los FFR restantes se encuentran predominantemente en regiones remotas de la cuenca del Ártico, el Amazonas y el Congo, con pocas excepciones en áreas pobladas.

Conclusiones:

  • Las presas y los embalses son las principales causas de la fragmentación de los ríos y la pérdida de conectividad.
  • Se necesitan estrategias globales y nacionales urgentes para mantener y restaurar los ríos que fluyen libremente y sus ecosistemas asociados.