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El polimorfismo de la región nasal hominoide y su importancia filogenética
Nature
|July 23, 1987
Resumen
La morfología del hueso nasal no es un indicador confiable para clasificar los taxones hominoides. La amplia variación dentro de las especies, incluidos los chimpancés, desafía las suposiciones de diagnóstico anteriores y destaca los riesgos en los análisis cladísticos limitados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- La primatología es la primatología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Estudios recientes sugieren que la morfología ósea nasal puede diagnosticar taxones hominoides.
- Esta morfología se ha utilizado en análisis cladísticos para asignar hominoides fósiles a linajes específicos.
- Investigaciones anteriores indican una alta variación intraspecífica en el cráneo hominoide.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Replicar los hallazgos sobre la morfología ósea nasal como herramienta de diagnóstico para taxones hominoides.
- Para investigar la variabilidad intraspecífica de la morfología del hueso nasal en hominoides existentes.
- Para evaluar la fiabilidad de las características del hueso nasal en los análisis cladísticos para la clasificación de hominoides fósiles.
Principales métodos:
- Examen de la morfología del hueso nasal y de las articulaciones en pongidos y pan trogloditos existentes.
- Análisis comparativo del polimorfismo de la región nasal en diferentes taxones hominoides.
- Evaluación de métodos de análisis cladístico basados en conjuntos de caracteres restringidos.
Principales resultados:
- Extenso polimorfismo observado en la región nasal dentro de todos los taxones pongidos existentes.
- Se encontraron ejemplos del hipotético patrón de 'parantropina' en los *Pan troglodytes* existentes.
- La morfología del hueso nasal muestra variaciones intraspecíficas significativas, lo que contradice su utilidad diagnóstica.
Conclusiones:
- La morfología del hueso nasal no es una característica de diagnóstico consistentemente confiable para los taxones hominoides.
- La alta variación intraspecífica en la morfología nasal desafía las asignaciones taxonómicas anteriores basadas en este rasgo.
- Los análisis cladísticos que utilizan conjuntos de caracteres limitados, como las características del hueso nasal, conllevan riesgos sustanciales para la clasificación precisa de muestras.
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