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Ausencia de formas amorfas cuando el hielo se comprime a baja temperatura

Chris A Tulk1, Jamie J Molaison2, Adam R Makhluf3

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Resumen

La cinética de compresión influye en la formación de hielo amorfo. La compresión lenta del hielo I a 100 K produce fases cristalinas, no hielo amorfo de alta densidad (HDA), desafiando el modelo de dos líquidos de agua para el hielo amorfo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química Física
  • Física de la materia condensada

Sus antecedentes:

  • El hielo de agua amorfo existe en múltiples formas que carecen de orden cristalino.
  • Anteriormente se pensaba que el hielo amorfo de alta densidad (HDA) era un estado vidrioso, lo que influía en el modelo de agua de dos líquidos para las anomalías de agua súper enfriada.
  • Las teorías alternativas sugirieron formas de HDA debido a la inestabilidad mecánica y la cinética lenta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de la cinética en la formación de fases amorfas de hielo.
  • Desafiar las teorías existentes que vinculan el hielo amorfo con el agua superenfriada.
  • Para explorar las vías de compresión del hielo bajo diferentes condiciones cinéticas.

Principales métodos:

  • Compresión del hielo I a 100 Kelvin bajo condiciones cinéticas controladas y lentas.
  • Comparación de los resultados de los protocolos de compresión lenta versus rápida.
  • Análisis estructural de las fases de hielo resultantes, incluido el ordenamiento y la interpenetración de protones.

Principales resultados:

  • La compresión lenta del hielo I a 100 K produjo fases cristalinas: hielo IX', hielo XV' y hielo VIII'.
  • La compresión rápida a 100 K produjo hielo amorfo de alta densidad (HDA), pero no hielo IX'.
  • Se encontró que la transformación directa del hielo I en hielo XV' estaba estructuralmente inhibida.

Conclusiones:

  • La formación de hielo amorfo es una transformación cinéticamente detenida entre hielo de baja densidad I y hielo de alta densidad XV'.
  • El estudio desafía la conexión entre las fases de hielo amorfo y el modelo de dos líquidos de agua superenfriada.
  • La cinética, no el derretimiento termodinámico, es crucial para determinar la formación de estructuras de hielo amorfo versus cristalino.