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Tres intervenciones de salud pública podrían salvar 94 millones de vidas en 25 años

Vasilis Kontis¹, Laura K Cobb², Colin D Mathers³

¹School of Public Health and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, UK (V.K., M.E.).

|June 11, 2019

Resumen

La implementación de tres intervenciones clave - tratamiento de la presión arterial, reducción del sodio y eliminación de las grasas trans - puede prevenir casi 100 millones de muertes en todo el mundo por enfermedades cardiovasculares en un plazo de 25 años. Estas estrategias ofrecen un potencial significativo para la prevención global de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología cardiovascular
Intervenciones de salud pública
Medicina de prevención de la enfermedad

Sus antecedentes:

Las enfermedades no transmisibles, principalmente las cardiovasculares, causan 38 millones de muertes anuales en todo el mundo.
Existen intervenciones eficaces pero carecen de un acceso generalizado, lo que dificulta los esfuerzos de prevención.
Este estudio cuantifica el impacto en la mortalidad de tres intervenciones de alto impacto y factibles de ECV.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el impacto de la mortalidad global de aumentar el tratamiento de la hipertensión, reducir la ingesta de sodio y eliminar las grasas trans artificiales.
Para proyectar el número de vidas salvadas por estas intervenciones en un período de 25 años.
Identificar las variaciones regionales en el impacto de estas estrategias de salud pública.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos mundiales sobre la presión arterial, la ingesta de sodio y grasas trans y las tasas de mortalidad por ECV.
Utilizó un análisis agrupado de las encuestas de salud de la población y los datos de cobertura regional de medicamentos.
Aplicó métodos generalizados de fracción atribuibles a la población para estimar las reducciones de mortalidad de 2015 a 2040.

Principales resultados:

Las intervenciones combinadas podrían retrasar 94,3 millones de muertes en 25 años.
El tratamiento de la hipertensión por sí solo podría retrasar 39,4 millones de muertes; la reducción de sodio, 40,0 millones; la eliminación de grasas trans, 14,8 millones.
El impacto de la eliminación de grasas trans fue mayor en el sur de Asia; África subsahariana mostró la mayor proporción de muertes prematuras retrasadas.

Conclusiones:

Tres intervenciones pueden salvar colectivamente casi 100 millones de vidas en todo el mundo en 25 años.
El aumento de estas intervenciones es crucial para los programas de prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Se necesitan esfuerzos nacionales e internacionales para aplicar eficazmente estas estrategias que salvan vidas.

Palabras clave:

Enfermedades cardiovasculares salud global hipertensión la mortalidad salud de la población Ácidos grasos trans

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