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El control de la sarna en la salud pública: prioridades de investigación y acción

Daniel Engelman¹, Paul T Cantey², Michael Marks³

¹Tropical Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)

|June 11, 2019

Resumen

La sarna, una enfermedad tropical descuidada, requiere estrategias de control a nivel de población. Se necesita investigación para orientar la administración masiva de medicamentos para la erradicación efectiva de la sarna y reducir sus impactos significativos en la salud.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología
Enfermedades infecciosas
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

La sarna es una enfermedad tropical desatendida que afecta desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones desfavorecidas.
Causa una morbilidad significativa, incluidas las enfermedades bacterianas y inmunomediadas graves.
Los avances recientes sugieren que el control a nivel de población a través de la administración masiva de drogas es factible.

Objetivo del estudio:

Esbozar las principales cuestiones de investigación operativa para el desarrollo de un programa mundial de control de la sarna.
Abordar la necesidad de enfoques estandarizados de diagnóstico y cartografía.
Para guiar la optimización de las estrategias de administración masiva de medicamentos.

Principales métodos:

El estudio identifica áreas críticas de investigación basadas en el conocimiento científico actual y el reconocimiento de la OMS.
Enfatiza la necesidad de herramientas de diagnóstico estandarizadas y la cartografía de la carga de enfermedades.
Se pide que se investiguen la seguridad de los tratamientos en niños pequeños y los parámetros óptimos de tratamiento masivo.

Principales resultados:

Los métodos estandarizados de diagnóstico y cartografía son cruciales para comprender la carga de la sarna.
Se requiere más investigación sobre la seguridad de la ivermectina y la moxidectina en niños pequeños.
Las estrategias óptimas de tratamiento masivo, incluidos los umbrales de intervención, los objetivos, la dosificación y la frecuencia, necesitan investigación.

Conclusiones:

Para un programa mundial de control de la sarna es esencial abordar las cuestiones clave de la investigación operativa.
Los enfoques estandarizados y los datos de seguridad son requisitos previos para intervenciones efectivas a nivel de la población.
El desarrollo de marcos de vigilancia, seguimiento y evaluación es vital para el éxito a largo plazo.

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