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Polinias marinas antárticas vinculadas a las anomalías climáticas del hemisferio sur

Ethan C Campbell¹, Earle A Wilson², G W Kent Moore^3,4

¹School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ethancc@uw.edu.

|June 12, 2019

Resumen

Las polinias antárticas marinas se forman debido a tormentas severas y pérdidas de calor intensas, lo que debilita la estratificación del océano. Estos eventos, impulsados por la variabilidad climática, son cruciales para comprender la dinámica del Océano Austral.

Área de la Ciencia:

La oceanografía
Ciencias del clima
Investigaciones en la Antártida

Sus antecedentes:

Las polinias marinas antárticas son grandes aberturas de hielo marino en invierno.
Su formación está relacionada con la ventilación de calor del océano profundo y la mezcla convectiva.
Los mecanismos de formación de la polinia siguen siendo poco conocidos, a pesar de su impacto potencial en las propiedades abismales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los mecanismos de formación de las polinias en la región del mar de Weddell.
Identificar el papel de las condiciones del océano superior y los eventos meteorológicos en la iniciación de la polinia.
Comprender el vínculo entre las polinias y la variabilidad climática del hemisferio sur.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó observaciones de flotación de perfiles autónomos de 2016 y 2017.
Los datos analizados de las polinias más grandes observadas cerca de Maud Rise desde 1976.
Datos meteorológicos y condiciones oceanográficas examinados, incluida la estratificación y el surgimiento.

Principales resultados:

La formación de Polynya fue iniciada y modulada por tormentas severas.
La intensa pérdida de calor condujo a una profunda reversión dentro de las polinias.
La fuerza récord del viento debilitó la estratificación hale, favoreciendo la desestabilización.
Las polinias anteriores de Weddell probablemente se formaron bajo condiciones anómalas similares.

Conclusiones:

El acondicionamiento simultáneo de la parte superior del océano y las perturbaciones meteorológicas impulsan las polinias antárticas.
Estas polinias están vinculadas a un modo de variabilidad climática del hemisferio sur.
Se prevé que esta variabilidad se fortalezca debido al cambio climático antropogénico, aumentando potencialmente la frecuencia de la polinia.

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