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Las células B de memoria migratoria secretan anticuerpos luminales en la vagina
Ji Eun Oh1, Norifumi Iijima1,2,3, Eric Song1
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nature
|June 14, 2019
Resumen
En el tracto reproductivo femenino, las células B de memoria circulantes secretan rápidamente anticuerpos en caso de infección secundaria. Este mecanismo evita las células plasmáticas locales, ofreciendo una nueva vía para la inmunidad de la mucosa contra patógenos como el virus del herpes simple 2.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Inmunidad mucosa
- Salud Reproductiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Las barreras mucosas protegen contra los patógenos, con una protección mediada por IgA dimérica en el tracto intestinal (mucosa tipo I).
- La administración de anticuerpos en el tracto reproductivo femenino inferior (mucosa tipo II) es poco conocida debido a la limitación de las células plasmáticas locales y de los receptores poliméricos de inmunoglobulina.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el mecanismo de suministro de anticuerpos en la luz del tracto reproductivo femenino.
- Identificar la fuente de anticuerpos que protegen el tracto reproductivo femenino inferior de la infección.
Principales métodos:
- Modelo de infección por herpes genital en ratones.
- Análisis de las células plasmáticas, las células B de memoria y las respuestas de las células T en el tracto reproductivo femenino.
- Investigación de la participación de las quimiocinas y los receptores (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCR3).
Principales resultados:
- La infección primaria por herpes genital no estableció células plasmáticas en la lámina propia del tracto reproductivo femenino.
- Tras el desafío secundario, las células B de memoria circulantes entraron en el tracto y secretaron anticuerpos.
- Las células T de memoria residentes en el tejido CD4 produjeron interferón-γ, induciendo quimiocinas que reclutaron células B de memoria a través de CXCR3.
- Las IgG2b, IgG2c e IgA específicas del virus fueron secretadas en el lumen por las células B de memoria reclutadas.
Conclusiones:
- Las células B de memoria circulantes son una fuente clave de anticuerpos en la luz del tracto reproductivo femenino.
- Este mecanismo proporciona una inmunidad mucosal rápida e inducible en el tracto reproductivo femenino inferior.
- Identifica una nueva vía para la protección mediada por anticuerpos en este sitio, distinta de la mucosa tipo I.
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